Ms S L Bleanch v Kingly Solicitors Ltd T/a Coles Solicitors (in voluntary liquidation): 2501763/2020

EMPLOYMENT TRIBUNALS

Case No 2501763/2020

Between

Ms S L BleanchClaimant

Kingly Solicitors Ltd T/a Coles Solicitors (in voluntary liquidation)Respondent

Before

Employment Judge Newburn

In person for claimant

Not represented for respondent

Date 1 March 2021

JUDGMENT

[1]The Claimant’s claim for a redundancy payment is dismissed because the Claimant has received a redundancy payment from the Redundancy Payments Service and is not entitled to a further award in respect of a Redundancy payment.

[2]The Claimant’s claim for breach of contract brought under the Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994 succeeds in respect of the Claimant’s notice pay and holiday pay and the Respondent is ordered to pay the following sums to the Claimant: 2.1. unpaid notice; the Respondent is ordered to pay the net sum of £188.76 in respect of the Claimant’s notice pay and £29.20 in respect of employer’s pension contributions; 2.1. holiday pay, the Respondent is ordered to pay the gross sum of £279.16; in respect of 9 days’ days’ pay in lieu of untaken holiday. This is a gross award and the Claimant shall be liable to the Inland Revenue for any payments of tax and national insurance thereon.

[3]The Respondent has made an unauthorised deduction from the Claimant's wages and is ordered to pay the Claimant the gross sum of £600.07, plus a further £44.88 representing employer’s pension contributions. This is a gross award and the Claimant shall be liable to the Inland Revenue for any payments of tax and national insurance thereon.

[4]The Claimant’s claim for unfair dismissal is well founded. However, no compensation is due to the Claimant in respect of her unfair dismissal because: 4.1. The Claimant has received a statutory redundancy payment and therefore no basic award is payable. 4.2. No compensatory award is due as there was a 100% chance that the Claimant would have been dismissed had a fair redundancy procedure been followed. Accordingly, the compensatory award is reduced by 100% pursuant to the principles in Polkey v A E Dayton Service Limited

1988 ICR 142

[5]The Claimant is awarded £499.14 this being 2 weeks gross pay pursuant to Section 38 of the Employment Act 2002.

[6]This makes a total award of £1,641.21.

[7]The Employment Protection (Recoupment of Jobseeker’s Allowance and Income Support) Regulations 1996 do not apply to these awards.

REASONS

[1]The issues to be determined in this case were as follows: 1.1. What was the Claimant’s notice period? 1.2. Was the Claimant paid for that notice period? 1.3. If not, was the Respondent entitled to dismiss without notice? 1.4. Is the Claimant entitled to a redundancy payment? 1.5. Did the Respondent fail to pay the Claimant for annual leave the Claimant had accrued but not taken when her employment ended? 1.6. Did the Respondent make unauthorised deductions from the Claimant’s wages and if so, how much was deducted? 1.7. Was the Claimant unfairly dismissed? 1.8. If so, had a proper procedure been followed by the Respondent, what are the chances that the Claimant would have been dismissed in any event? 1.9. Did the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures apply to any of the Claimant’s claims? 1.10. Did the Respondent or the Claimant unreasonably fail to comply with it? 1.11. Is it just and equitable to increase or decrease any award payable to the Claimant? 1.12. If so, by what proportion, up to 25%? 1.13. When these proceedings were begun, was the Respondent in breach of its duty to give the Claimant a written statement of employment particulars or of a change to those particulars? 1.14. If the claim succeeds, are there exceptional circumstances that would make it unjust or inequitable to make the minimum award of two weeks’ pay under section 38 of the Employment Act 2002? If not, the Tribunal must award two weeks’ pay and may award four weeks’ pay. 1.15. Would it be just and equitable to award four weeks’ pay?

The Hearing

[2]The Claimant’s claim was one of multiple claims brought against the Respondent company. Evidence in respect of the Claimant’s claim and the claims of 7 other employees were heard together.

[3]At the start of the hearing I was provided with an up to date Excel spreadsheet which comprised a table confirming the claims that each Claimant was making against the Respondent.

[4]I was also provided with one bundle of evidence amounting to 240 pages in respect of each Claimant’s case against the Respondent. The bundle contained each Claimant’s witness statement, schedule of loss, and documentary evidence.

[5]To this bundle I admitted further evidence from the Claimants amounting to a further 27 pages which was inserted at the end of the bundle making the total bundle 267 pages. None of the further evidence that was admitted to the bundle related to the Claimant’s claim. I considered all of the evidence submitted by the Claimant and heard her evidence on oath.

[6]Despite the fact that the Respondent is in voluntary liquidation, the Claimant confirmed that she wished to obtain a judgment.

[7]There was no evidence that any stay of this claim had been obtained under section 112 of the Insolvency Act 1986.

Findings of Fact

[8]The Respondent carried on business as a Solicitors practice operating from multiple offices across the North of England.

[9]The Claimant was employed with the Respondent firm of Solicitors from 2 January 1991, as a legal assistant working 3 days per week.

[10]The Claimant’s payslips at pages 186 to 189 of the bundle showed that the Claimant earned: 10.1. Pay: 10.1.1. Monthly: £1,081.46 gross and £1,007.39 net; 10.1.2. Weekly: £249.57 gross and £232.47 net 10.1.3. Daily: £83.19 gross and £77.49 net 10.2. Employer’s pension contributions: 10.2.1. Monthly: £48.67; 10.2.2. Weekly: £11.23 10.2.3. Daily: £3.74

[11]The Respondent employer’s pension contributions were unclear from the Claimant’s payslips however the Claimant and all Claimants in the hearing gave evidence in their schedule of loss that employer’s pension contributions were 4.5%. I accepted this figure and I calculated the Claimant’s employer pension contributions accordingly.

[12]The Claimant was never provided with a written contract of employment or a written statement which complied with s1(4)(a) or s.4(1) of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (“the Act”) and she gave oral evidence on the terms of her contract or relied on contracts of other employees of the Respondent in the bundle at pages 77 and 167 where this was necessary.

[13]On 12 August 2020, the Respondent company was subject to an intervention by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (“SRA”) resulting in the immediate shutdown of all of the Respondent’s offices. There was no warning, consultation, or notice of redundancy given to the Claimant, as the offices were immediately closed further to the intervention on 12 August 2020.

[14]The Claimant was dismissed by reason of redundancy on 12 August 2020.

[15]The Claimant’s last payslip at page 189 of the bundle was the last payment the Claimant received from the Respondent and covered the period up to the end of July 2020. Further to this payment the Respondent did not pay the Claimant in respect of the following: 15.1. A redundancy payment; 15.2. her notice pay; 15.3. accrued but untaken holiday; 15.4. arrears of pay for the period 1 August 2020 to 12 August 2020;

[16]Dealing with those payments in turn: Redundancy payment

[17]The Claimant accepted she had received a statutory redundancy payment from the Redundancy Payments Service and was not therefore entitled to any further award in respect of a redundancy payment. Notice pay

[18]The Claimant did not have an employment contract, however she had completed 29 years full service at the Respondent company.

[19]The Respondent did not make any payment to the Claimant on termination of her employment in relation to her notice pay. Holiday pay

[20]Contracts of employment from the Respondent’s other employees in the bundle demonstrated that the Respondent company holiday year ran from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

[21]I accepted the Claimant’s evidence that she had earned additional holidays for having a long period of service with the Respondent company and after this had been pro-rated her entitlement amounted to 19 days holiday plus bank holidays.

[22]Screenshots of a printout from the Respondent company’s HR system at pages 190 to 192 of the bundle showed the Claimant had taken 3 days leave as at the date her employment terminated.

[23]The Respondent did not make any payment to the Claimant on termination of her employment in relation to her annual leave. Arrears of pay:

[24]In April 2020, the Respondent company changed the payment day of the Claimant’s wages, so that instead of being paid on or around the last day of the month, the Claimant was paid on or around the 25th of the month. The Claimant’s last payslip demonstrated that the Claimant was paid on the 26th of the month and the Claimant confirmed that she believed this payment represented payment for the entire month and not payment up to the 25th of that month only.

[25]The Respondent did not make any payment to the Claimant in relation to the period of 1 August to 12 August 2020 and there was no authorised reason for the Respondent to withhold this payment from the Claimant. Payments received by the Claimant;

[26]The Claimant received the following sums from the Redundancy Payments Service: 26.1. statutory redundancy: £6,097.56; 26.2. holiday pay: £469.55 gross and £363.21 net; 26.3. notice pay £525.24 gross and £415.66 net; and, 26.4. unpaid wages: £398.21 gross and £311.85 net.

[27]The Claimant had mitigated her losses and had obtained further employment on 1 September 2020.

[28]The excel spreadsheet I had received at the beginning of the hearing did not include any claim for expenses in seeking alternative employment however, the Claimant’s schedule of loss listed a claim for her expenses in the sum of £75. In oral evidence the Claimant confirmed that she had managed to obtain alternative employment within a week of her dismissal by contacting people via email. She confirmed that that she did not have any documentary evidence in respect of the claim for expenses. The Law Unlawful deductions:

The Law

[29]Section 13(1) the Act provides: “13 Right not to suffer unauthorised deductions. (1) An employer shall not make a deduction from wages of a worker employed by him unless—a. the deduction is required or authorised to be made by virtue of a statutory provision or a relevant provision of the worker’s contract, or

b. the worker has previously signified in writing his agreement or consent to the making of the deduction. that a worker has the right not to suffer unauthorised deductions from wages.”

[30]In University of Sunderland v Droussou

UKEAT/341/16

the Employment Appeal Tribunal held that pension contributions paid by the employer constitute remuneration for the purposes of calculating a week’s pay because the statute does not require payment to be made to the employee, and pension contributions are as much a reward for work as salary. Breach of Contract

[31]Under the Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994 a Tribunal can award a Claimant damages for breach of contract where the claim arises or is outstanding on termination of employment. The cap of the award that a Tribunal can make is currently £25,000.

[32]The measure of damages in contract is a sum of money the payment of which will place the Claimant in the position that she would be in but for the breach. Notice

[33]An employee is entitled to notice of the termination of their employment. The amount of any such notice can be found in the contract of employment or by way of the minimum statutory notice to be found in section 86 of the Act which provides: “86 Rights of employer and employee to minimum notice. (1) The notice required to be given by an employer to terminate the contract of employment of a person who has been continuously employed for one month or more— …. (c) is not less than twelve weeks’ notice if his period of continuous employment is twelve years or more.” Redundancy

[34]The definition of redundancy is set out in section 139 of the Act: “(1) For the purposes of this Act an employee who is dismissed shall be taken to be dismissed by reason of redundancy if the dismissal is wholly or mainly attributable to—(a) the fact that his employer has ceased or intends to cease— (i) to carry on the business for the purposes of which the employee was employed by him, or (ii) to carry on that business in the place where the employee was so employed, or

(b) the fact that the requirements of that business— (i) for employees to carry out work of a particular kind, or (ii) for employees to carry out work of a particular kind in the place where the employee was employed by the employer, have ceased or diminished or are expected to cease or diminish.”

[35]Section 135 of the Act states that: “135. The right. (1) An employer shall pay a redundancy payment to any employee of his if the employee (a) is dismissed by the employer by reason of redundancy” Unfair Dismissal

[36]The test for an unfair dismissal is set out in sections 98(1), (2) and (4) of the Act as follows: “(1) In determining for the purposes of this Part whether the dismissal of an employee is fair or unfair, it is for the employer to show:(a) the reason (or, if more than one, the principal reason) for the dismissal; and,

(b) that it is either a reason falling within subsection (2) or some other substantial reason of a kind such as to justify the dismissal of an employee holding the position which the employee held. (2) A reason falls within this subsection if it: …….

(c) is that the employee was redundant, ....... (4) Where the employer has fulfilled the requirements of subsection (1), the determination of the question whether the dismissal is fair or unfair (having regard to the reason shown by the employer) - (a) depends on whether in the circumstances (including the size and administrative resources of the employer’s undertaking) the employer acted reasonably or unreasonably in treating it as a sufficient reason for dismissing the employee, and, (b) shall be determined in accordance with equity and the substantial merits of the case.”

Compensation

[37]Section 123(1) of the Act provides: “(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and sections 124, the amount of the compensatory award shall be such amount as the tribunal considers just and equitable in all the circumstances having regard to the loss sustained by the complainant in consequence of the dismissal in so far as that loss is attributable to action taken by the employer. (2) The loss referred to in subsection (1) shall be taken to include—(a) any expenses reasonably incurred by the complainant in consequence of the dismissal, and

(b) subject to subsection (3), loss of any benefit which she might reasonably be expected to have had but for the dismissal. (3) The loss referred to in subsection (1) shall be taken to include in respect of any loss of— (a) any entitlement or potential entitlement to a payment on account of dismissal by reason of redundancy (whether in pursuance of Part XI or otherwise), or (b) any expectation of such a payment, only the loss referable to the amount (if any) by which the amount of that payment would have exceeded the amount of a basic award (apart from any reduction under section 122) in respect of the same dismissal. (4) In ascertaining the loss referred to in subsection (1) the tribunal shall apply the same rule concerning the duty of a person to mitigate his loss as applies to damages recoverable under the common law of England and Wales or (as the case may be) Scotland.”

[38]The Polkey principles set out in Polkey v AE Dayton Services Ltd

[1987] IRLR 503

HL confirm that where a Tribunal finds that a dismissal was unfair, it must go on to consider the chance that the employment would have terminated in any event, had there been no unfairness. The Tribunal should make a percentage reduction in the compensatory award which reflects the likelihood that the Claimant would have been dismissed in any event. ACAS Uplift

[39]Section 207A Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, provides: “(1) This section applies to proceedings before an employment tribunal relating to a claim by an employee under any of the jurisdictions listed in Schedule A2. (2) If, in the case of proceedings to which this section applies, it appears to the employment tribunal that—(a) the claim to which the proceedings relate concerns a matter to which a relevant Code of Practice applies,

(b) the employer has failed to comply with that Code in relation to that matter, and

(c) that failure was unreasonable, the employment tribunal may, if it considers it just and equitable in all the circumstances to do so, increase any award it makes to the employee by no more than 25%.” Failure to provide written particulars of employment:

[40]Section 1(1) of the Act provides: “Where an employee begins employment with an employer, the employer shall give to the employee a written statement of particulars of employment.

[41]Section 4 of the Act provides: “4. Statement of changes. (1) If, after the material date, there is a change in any of the matters particulars of which are required by sections 1 to 3 to be included or referred to in a statement under section 1, the employer shall give to the worker a written statement containing particulars of the change.”

[42]Section 38 of the Employment Act 2002 provides that where the Tribunal finds in favour of an employee in any claim listed in Schedule 5 of that Act and the employer has not complied with sections 1(1) or 4(1) of the Act and provided the employee with full and accurate written particulars of employment, the Tribunal shall make an award to the employee of a minimum of two weeks’ pay and if just and equitable, four weeks’ pay.

Conclusions

[43]Based on the findings of fact above and considering the relevant law as it applies to the agreed issues I conclude as follows: Redundancy payment:

[44]The Claimant has received her statutory redundancy pay from the Redundancy Payments Service and is not therefore entitled to any further award in respect of a redundancy payment. Notice Pay:

[45]In breach of contract the Claimant was dismissed without notice in circumstances where the Respondent has failed to demonstrate that it was entitled to so dismiss her.

[46]The Claimant was entitled to receive statutory notice. The Claimant had completed 29 full years’ service at the date of her dismissal and is entitled to 12 weeks statutory notice.

[47]The Claimant started further employment on 1 September 2020 this being 2.6 weeks after her dismissal. At the Claimant’s net weekly rate of pay of £232.47 this amounts to £604.42.

[48]The Claimant is entitled to the employer’s pensions contributions that she would have earned from the Respondent during this period in the sum of £29.20 (2.6 weeks of £11.23)

[49]The Claimant is therefore entitled to £604.42 less the net sum of £415.66 received from the Redundancy Payments Service in respect of notice pay, this being a total sum of £188.76.

[50]The Claimant is entitled to £29.20 in respect of employer’s pension contributions for this period. Holiday pay

[51]The Claimant is entitled to 19 days annual leave per year and her contract was terminated 32 weeks into the leave year.

[52]The Claimant had accrued 12 days at the date of termination of her employment and had taken 3 days leave which was paid at her normal rate of pay. The Claimant is entitled to 9 days leave at gross daily pay of £83.19.

[53]In breach of contract the Respondent failed to pay the Claimant in respect of her accrued but untaken holiday pay on termination of her employment.

[54]The Claimant is therefore entitled to £748.71 less £469.55 the gross sum received from the Redundancy Payment Service in respect of holiday pay, this being a total sum of £279.16. Unpaid wages

[55]The Claimant was not paid for the period 1 August 2020 – 12 August 2020, this being 12 days at the Claimant’s gross daily rate of pay of £83.19.

[56]There was no lawful reason for the Respondent to withhold this payment and the Claimant’s claim of unlawful deduction of wages succeeds.

[57]The Claimant is entitled to The Claimant is therefore entitled to £998.28 less the gross sum of £398.21 received from the Redundancy Payment Service, this being a total sum of £600.07.

[58]The Claimant is entitled to Employer’s pensions contributions for this period from the Respondent in the sum of £44.88, this being 12 days at a daily rate of £3.74. Written Statement of Particulars

[59]The Claimant is entitled to an award under the provisions of section 38 of the Employment Act 2002 because the Respondent failed to provide the Claimant with either a written statement of particulars of employment or with a written statement containing particulars of changes to the particulars of her employment as it was required to do by, respectively, sections 1 and 4 of the Act 1996.

[60]The Claimant is entitled to £499.14. Unfair dismissal and Polkey

[61]As no warning, notice, or consultation was given to the Claimant further to the immediate closure of the Respondent company’s offices on 12 August 2020, I find the Claimant’s dismissal was unfair.

[62]The Claimant’s claim for unfair dismissal succeeds, however the Claimant’s basic award is extinguished by the statutory redundancy payment received from the Redundancy Payments Service.

[63]If the Respondent had followed a fair redundancy procedure, the Claimant would still have been dismissed by reason of redundancy on 12 August 2020, as this was the date that the Respondent’s offices were all immediately closed further to an intervention by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

[64]Accordingly, the Claimant’s compensatory award for unfair dismissal is reduced by 100% pursuant to Polkey. ACAS Uplift

[65]As redundancy was the reason for dismissal the ACAS Code of Practice on Discipline and Grievance does not apply to the Claimant’s unfair dismissal claim and there is no uplift for unreasonable failure to comply with its provisions.

[66]With respect to the Claimant’s claims for breach of contract, in the circumstances of this case, the Respondent would not have reasonably been in a position to engage with the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance in order to resolve any grievances raised after 12 August 2020. As such, I find that there was no unreasonable breach of the code and do not award any uplift in respect of the Claimant’s claims for breach of contract and unauthorised deduction from wages.

Summary

[67]The Respondent shall pay to the Claimant: 67.1. Notice pay in the net sum of £188.76; 67.2. Holiday pay in the gross sum of £279.16; 67.3. Pay in respect of unauthorised deduction of wages in the sum of £600.07; 67.4. Pay in respect of Employer’s pension contributions in the sum of £74.08; and, 67.5. Pay in respect of Section 38 of the Employment Act 2002 in the sum of £499.14.

[68]The Employment Protection (Recoupment of Jobseeker’s Allowance and Income Support) Regulations 1996 do not apply to these awards. EMPLOYMENT JUDGE NEWBURN