The Right Hon. Francis Charteris, Earl of Wemyss and March v. Charles, Earl of Haddington, and Others, Trustees of the deceased Earl of Wemyss [1818] UKHL 6_Paton_390

UKHL
The Right Hon. Francis Charteris, Earl of Wemyss and March v. Charles, Earl of Haddington, and Others, Trustees of the deceased Earl of Wemyss
[1818] UKHL 6_Paton_390 · 1818-05-20
A marriage contract settled on the heir male of the marriage certain lands, besides bank stock, to the amount of £4000. These were afterwards sold by the father; he lived fifty-eight years after this sale. The grandson, who was the heir male of the marriage, made a claim for the value of these lands and bank stock, calculated as at the deceased's death. Held him entitled only to the value received for them at the time they were sold.The appellant's grandfather, then the Hon. Francis Charteris, by his marriage contract, dated 12th September 1745, entered into with Lady Catherine Gordon, bound and obliged himself, “in contemplation of this marriage, to provide and secure to himself and the heirs male of this present marriage; which failing, to the heirs of his body of any subsequent marriage, which failing, to his nearest heirs and assignees whatsoever, the lands of Muirfoot and pertinents, and the lands of Lethenhopes; as also the sum of £4000 sterling, of capital stock of the Royal Bank of Scotland, and several other sums of money, extending to the sum of £11,581 sterling.”The late Lord Elcho, the appellant's father, was the only son of that marriage. Lord Elcho died some years before his father, the Earl of Wemyss, who survived him, and died in the year 1808. After his death the appellant was the heir male of marriage, entitled to take in free property the lands of Muirfoot and Lethenhopes, and the £4000, bank stock, under the express provision of the marriage contract.Mar. 27, 1804.But it appeared that, a long time before his death, the Earl of Wemyss had sold the lands of Muirfoot and Lethenhopes, and the bank stock mentioned; and the present action was raised by the appellant against his trustees, concluding either that the deeds of entail subsequently executed by the Earl should be set aside, and the property contained in them held as a surrogatum pro tanto of the lands, bank stock, and money which the late Earl became bound to settle by his marriage

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The entail executed by him, of this date, was in regard to the estate of Elcho. There is a clause in it binding the heirs of entail to free and relieve the said lands “of and from the payment and performance of all the debts and obligements which he for himself, and as representing his predecessors, should be liable to.”In the trust-deed which was executed of even date, he binds the trustees to “pay and discharge all such legacies, donations, annuities, and provisions which I have already left and bequeathed, or become bound for in favour of any person whatsoever.” Various codicils were added to this trust-deed, which seemed immaterial to the merits of the question, and he executed in 1806 a separate entail as to his house and grounds in Lauriston.The defences stated to the action were, 1. That there was no ground for reducing the entails, and for holding the lands purchased by him as a surrogatum for these settled by the marriage contract. 2. That the claim of the appellant under the contract of marriage, could not extend further than to the price actually received by the late Earl of Wemyss for the lands and other property settled by the contract, under the deduction of the debts affecting those subjects. 3d. That before the appellant could insist in this action, he was bound judicially to renounce the benefit which he might eventually derive from the deeds of entail executed by the late Earl.The appellant ultimately limited his claim to the value of the property settled by the marriage contract as at the late Earl's death .Feb. 26, 1814.The Lord Ordinary ordered informations in order to report the case to the Court. When reported, there was a difference of opinion on the part of the judges, and the cause was ordered to stand over for a full bench. And, afterwards, their Lordships ordered counsel to be heard upon the following question:—
“Whether the pursuer, under the second alternative conclusion of the libel, is entitled to claim the value of the estates sold by the late Earl of Wemyss, as at the date of the said Earl's decease, or only as at the dates of the respective sales of the same?”
Mar. 28, 1815.The cause having been thereafter heard on this question, their Lordships pronounced this interlocutor:—the deceased Earl of Wemyss, under the contract of marriage libelled on, extends to the amount of the prices received for the lands of Muirfoot and Lethenhopes, and for the bank stock, together with the sums of money settled by the said contract, but no farther; remit to the Lord Ordinary to proceed accordingly; and, quoad ultra , sustain the defences, assoilzie the defenders, and decern.”

“Find that the claim of the pursuer, as a just and lawful creditor to

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Against the above interlocutor, the present appeal was brought to the House of Lords.Pleaded for the Appellant .—The marriage-contract in this case constituted a legal obligation, binding the late Earl of Wemyss to provide cum effectu , that the heir male of marriage, i.e ., appellant should, on his death, succeed as heir of provision to the lands of Muirfoot and Lethenhopes, and £4000 stock of the Royal Bank of Scotland, as well as the sums of money mentioned in the contract, from which obligation there arose a corresponding jus crediti in favour of the appellant.Such is generally the effect, by the law of Scotland, of an obligation in a contract of marriage, to provide lands or other subjects to the heirs of the marriage. It has been said that anciently such obligations only bound the contracting party to settle once , by executing an instrument containing a simple destination alterable at his pleasure; but it is not easy to believe that contracts, onerous in their nature, could ever have in practice, received an interpretation which, in truth, made them nugatory. But if such was ever the law, it has long ceased to have authority for such contracts, as now interpreted, give the heir a jus crediti against the husband or his representatives, entitling him to implement of the contract.The claim of the appellant once admitted, there can be no legal principle for limiting it to the price received by the late Earl of Wemyss, but ought to be extended to the value at the time of his death, when the appellant was entitled to succeed.Pleaded for the Respondents .—A simple destination, even in a marriage contract, does not vest in the heir any proper jus crediti , but only a right of succession liable to be defeated by the onerous or rational acts of the father, and only supported against his gratuitous deeds, and as giving a claim for the price of the subjects when sold, upon principles of equity, and in contradiction to the general rules of law, and to the original practice even with regard to contracts of this description. 2d, The father, notwithstanding such a destination, has a clear and undeniable right to sell the lands so destined, both as being himself the sole fiar and proprietor thereof, and

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After hearing counsel,

The Lord Chancellor said, *

“I shall state my view of this case very shortly. Looking into the case with great attention, and having regard to the marriage-contract which is the foundation of the claim, I offer my opinion that the law of Scotland has been rightly applied by the judgment appealed from to such a marriage contract as this, and, therefore, that the judgment ought to be affirmed.”
It was ordered and adjudged that the interlocutor complained of be, and the same is hereby affirmed.Counsel: For the Appellant, Sir Saml. Romilly, Geo. Cranstoun, Fra. Horner, J. H. Mackenzie. For the Respondents, Alex. Maconochie, F. Jeffrey.

Footnote

* From Mr Gurney's Short-hand Notes.