Bramston (Liquadator of DCC Realisations Ltd) & Ors v Revenue & Customs [2010] UKFTT 201 (TC)

FTT-Tax
Bramston (Liquadator of DCC Realisations Ltd) & Ors v Revenue & Customs
[2010] UKFTT 201 (TC) · 2010-05-06
[1]This is an appeal against an assessment made on 12 August 2008 whereby the company DCC Realisations Limited (“DCCR”) now in liquidation (the Appellant, Mr. TJ Bramston, of Kingston Smith & Partners LLP, being the liquidator) was assessed to excise duty in the net amount of £1,625,395.40.[2]DCCR is a company which formerly had the name “The Devon Cider Company Limited”. The change of name was consequential on the sale of certain of the business and assets of the company (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) to two companies, Hexshelf 7 Limited (“H7”) and Hexshelf 5 Limited (“H5”) under an agreement dated 23 July 2007 (“the Business Sale Agreement”). At the time of the Business Sale Agreement, DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) was in administration. The then administrators were Messrs. Murphy and Horton, who are now, as Interested Parties, parties to this appeal.[3]The parties to the Business Sale Agreement were therefore DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited), Messrs. Murphy and Horton, H7 and H5.[4]Under the Business Sale Agreement, H5 bought the business intellectual property of DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited), while H7 bought certain other business assets, including the “Stock” and the “Work in Progress”, as defined, to the intent that H7 should from the completion date (5pm on 23 July 2007 – the date of the Business Sale Agreement) carry on the business as a going concern.[5]DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) had carried on business (as the name implies) as cider bottlers from premises at Tiverton, Devon. That business included the making, bottling and selling of cider. The company was both registered under the Cider and Perry Regulations 1989 (“the CPRs”) and licensed the Wine and Made-Wine Regulations 1989 (“the WMWRs”).[6]The “Stock” was defined in the Business Sale Agreement to mean the stock in trade (other than any items of stock which had been invoiced but not delivered to customers and stock then in the possession of the company but in relation to which the supplier(s) had reserved title) used by the company in connection with its business and situated at its premises on the completion date. The “Work in Progress” was defined in the Business Sale Agreement to mean the benefit and the burden of contracts already entered into with customers which remained in whole or in part to be performed by the company on the completion date, and all partly completed goods or services allocated by the company to those contracts.[7]H7 changed its name to “The Devon Cider Company Limited” consequential on its acquisition of the business under the Business Sale Agreement. To avoid unnecessary confusion, H7 will be referred to as such, throughout this Decision.[8]It is accepted by all parties (and we find) that on 23 July 2007 (the completion date of the Business Sale Agreement) DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) permanently ceased trading and that under the Business Sale Agreement on that cessation of trading that company sold to H7 a quantity of cider and concentrated apple juice (“bulk fluid”). The bulk fluid was of an alcoholic strength greater than 8.5% abv. It had been made by another cider maker, Gaymer Cider Company, and transferred to DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) without triggering a duty point (see below, under regulation 12 of the WMWRs) because the transfer was to another winery or other cider premises for use as an ingredient in making cider.[9]The significance of the relative strengths of the liquors is that under the Alcoholic Liquors Duties Act 1979 (“ALDA”), “cider” is for relevant purposes defined to mean cider or perry of a strength exceeding 1.2% abv, but less than 8.5% abv and “made-wine” is for relevant purposes defined to mean any liquor which is of a strength exceeding 1.2% abv but not including cider (as defined). Applying these definitions, the cider sold to H7 under the Business Sale Agreement was “cider” within the ALDA definition and the bulk fluid so sold was “made-wine” within the ALDA definition. (See: ALDA sections 1(5) and 1(6))[10]As contemplated by the Business Sale Agreement, H7 succeeded to the trade formerly carried on by DCCR (when it was called The Devon Cider Company Limited) and it became (on 10 August 2007, after a brief hiatus) the registered maker of cider in respect of the premises at Tiverton. H7 was granted a licence under the WMWRs on 12 September 2007. DCCR’s registration was apparently cancelled on 4 September 2007.[11]On 9 August 2007 the administrators of DCCR submitted a duty return in respect of July 2007 – this was a monthly return covering all the duty points in July 2007. HMRC later concluded that duty was under-declared by that return in relation to the stock of cider and bulk fluid sold to H7 (with which this appeal is concerned) and also in relation to other stock (with which this appeal is not concerned). This led to the assessment and the appeal.[12]The issue to be decided in this appeal by the Tribunal is whether, as HMRC contends, a duty point in relation to the cider and bulk fluid sold to H7 arose on 23 July 2007 (the completion date of the Business Sale Agreement) when DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) permanently ceased trading and sold the cider and bulk fluid to H7, or whether, as the Interested Parties contend, the sale did not give rise to a duty point. The Interested Parties argue that the product became dutiable when it was sold on, as cider, in the normal course of H7’s trade. The Appellant adopts what Mr. Angiolini describes as “a broadly neutral stance” – to the extent that the Appellant’s stance was not neutral, it was supportive of HMRC’s submissions.[13]It is relevant to note that the relevant rates of duty work out at 26.5 pence per litre if the dutiable liquor is cider, and £1.78 per litre, if the dutiable liquor is made-wine. Bulk fluid is, in the normal course of the trade, diluted and then sold as cider.[14]The following further provisions of the Business Sale Agreement were drawn to our attention by Mr. Baldry on behalf of the Interested Parties: · By clause 3.2, H7 was liable to pay consideration for the assets it acquired amounting to some £3.676m. plus further additional consideration; · By clause 4.4, the parties stated that they believed that assets including the assets acquired by H7 would be treated by HMRC as a transfer of a business or part of a business as a going concern for the purposes of section 49 VAT Act 1994 and article 5, VAT (Special Provisions) Order 1995, and that they would use their reasonable endeavours to procure that the sale was so treated; · By clause 7, H7 was to take over, adopt and accept responsibility for the completion of the contracts referred to in the definition of “Work in Progress” and H7 was to give an indemnity related thereto to both the company (DCCR) and the administrators; · By clause 10.1, H7 acknowledged that it was taking over the employment of the company’s employees; · By clause 11.1, H7 was to use its best endeavours to collect the debts of the company which had accrued prior to the completion date.[15]We also had in evidence a Witness Statement sworn by Brendan Paul John Ricketts, an officer of HMRC. From it, it appeared that HMRC had needed to carry out a certain amount of investigation before it became aware of the relevant facts surrounding the case. In particular, H7 had begun to carry on the business while not yet appropriately registered under the CPRs or licensed under the WMWRs. The facts stated above are our findings relative to our decision. The main issue[16]Ms. Haynes for HMRC accepted that the circumstances of HMRC’s investigation were essentially background and did not affect the main issue in the appeal, which turns on the proper construction of regulation 13 of the CPRs and the WMWRs respectively.[17]Regulation 13 of the CPRs is in the following terms:
“13. Where either- (a) the business of making cider is discontinued at cider premises having cider therein; or (b) a certificate of registration held under regulation 6 above in respect of premises having cider therein is surrendered or cancelled; or (c) any cider is found to be deficient or missing from cider premises for any reason (other than the reason that cider was consumed at those premises) and the maker is unable to account for the deficiency to the Commissioners’ satisfaction, the excise duty point shall be the time of discontinuance or at the time of the surrender or cancellation of the certificate of registration or at the time the deficiency occurred, as the case may be, and the duty shall be paid in accordance with regulation 23(2) below. Provided that where the time that any deficiency occurred cannot be established to the Commissioners’ satisfaction, the rate of duty shall be taken to be the highest rate in force between the time of the latest stocktaking before the discovery of the deficiency and the time of that discovery [1] ”
[18]Regulation 13 of the WMWRs is in the following terms:
“13. Where either- (a) the business of producing wine or made-wine is discontinued at a winery having wine or made-wine therein; or (b) a licence held under regulation 6 above in respect of a winery having wine or made-wine therein is surrendered or cancelled; or (c) any wine or made-wine is found to be deficient or missing from a winery for any reason (other than the reason that the wine or made-wine [2] was consumed at those premises) and the producer is unable to account for the deficiency to the Commissioners’ satisfaction, the excise duty point shall be the time of discontinuance or at the time of the surrender or cancellation of the licence or at the time the deficiency occurred, as the case may be, and the duty shall be paid in accordance with regulation 23(2) below. Provided that where the time that any deficiency occurred cannot be established to the Commissioners’ satisfaction, the rate of duty shall be taken to be the highest rate in force between the time of the latest stocktaking before the discovery of the deficiency and the time of that discovery.”
[19]It can be seen that regulation 13 of the CPRs and regulation 13 of the WMWRs are to very similar effect, with the place of production being “cider premises” in the CPRs and “a winery” in the WMWRs, and a “certificate of registration” of cider premises corresponding to a “licence” of a winery.[20]Excise duty is to be charged and paid on made-wine in accordance with the WMWRs pursuant to sections 55 and 56 ALDA. Excise duty is to be charged and paid on cider in accordance with the CPRs pursuant to section 62, ALDA.[21]Section 55(2) ALDA provides that- “a person who, on any premises in the United Kingdom, produces made-wine for sale must hold an excise licence under this subsection in respect of those premises for that purpose.”[22]Section 62(2) ALDA provides that- “a person who, on any premises in the United Kingdom, makes cider for sale must be registered with the Commissioners in respect of those premises.”[23]The other relevant provisions of the CPRs (apart from regulation 13, set out above) are- In regulation 4, the definition of ‘cider premises’ as:
“the premises, rooms, places and vessels entered by a registered maker for use by him in his trade as a maker and any other premises on which cider is made by a maker for use by him in his trade as a maker”; In regulation 5, the requirement for application for registration of premises, and the requirement for separate application to be made in respect of each of the premises on which the applicant intends to make cider. In regulation 7(2) and (3), the following requirements: “(2) A maker shall notify the Commissioners of his intention to stop making cider at any of his cider premises. (3) A maker shall notify the Commissioners of the discontinuance of trade in cider at any of his cider premises.”
In regulation 8(1) and (2), the following provisions:
“(1) Where the Commissioners are satisfied that a maker has ceased to trade at his cider premises, or that cider is not being made on premises in respect of which he is registered for that purpose, they may cancel the relevant registration at any time. (2) Without prejudice to paragraph (1) above the Commissioners may, for reasonable cause, cancel the registration in respect of the premises of any maker, provided that the Commissioners shall give three months’ notice in writing of such cancellation.”
In regulations 9 and 10, the following provisions:
“9 Entries A maker shall not begin to make cider on any premises in respect of which he is registered until he has made entry of all rooms, places and vessels intended to be used by him thereon for that purpose. 10 Withdrawal of entry Save as the Commissioners may otherwise allow, a maker shall not withdraw his entry in respect of cider premises while there remains in any place specified therein any cider on which duty has not been paid or remitted on any materials for making cider.”
In regulation 11, the following relevant provisions:
“11 Charge to duty (1) Subject to regulations 12 and 13 below, cider in cider premises shall be charged with duty at the time it is made and the excise duty point shall be the earlier of the following times- (i) the time it is consumed at those premises; or (ii) the time it is sent out from those premises; Provided that- (a) where any cider is sent out to other cider premises in accordance with regulation 12(c)(i) below, those other cider premises shall be treated as being the cider premises in which the cider was made and the maker registered in respect of those other cider premises shall be treated accordingly; …”
In regulation 12, the following relevant provisions:
“12 Removal without payment of duty Subject to such conditions as the Commissioners may impose, including any condition that security shall be given to their satisfaction, a maker may send cider chargeable with duty out from cider premises without payment of the duty for any of the following purposes- … (c) removal, subject to the prior approval of the officer- (i) to other cider premises; (ii) to the premises of a vinegar maker for use in production of vinegar; or (iii) to premises in respect of which any person is licensed in accordance with section 55(2) of [ALDA] as a producer of made-wine, for use as an ingredient in the production of made-wine on those premises; … Provided that if any cider which has been sent out of cider premises under the foregoing provisions of this regulation is applied to some purpose other than one therein mentioned, the time of that occurrence shall be the excise duty point; and the duty shall be paid in accordance with regulation 23(2) … below.”
Regulation 23(2) provides as follows:
“(2) Unless the payment of duty is deferred it must be paid at or before the excise duty point prescribed by regulation 11(1).”
[24]As indicated above in relation to regulation 13, the relevant provisions of the CPRs and the WMWRs are to similar effect. This is the position with respect to all the other provisions of the CPRs set out above, with the exception of regulation 12(c)(iii). This makes it unnecessary to set out the corresponding provisions of the WMWRs, with the exception of regulation 12 – see: the next paragraph. In this Decision we will refer to the CPRs and the expressions used therein and unless the contrary is indicated we mean also to be making references thereby mutatis mutandis to the WMWRs and the corresponding expressions used therein.[25]Regulation 12 of the WMWRs is (so far as relevant) as follows:
“12 Removal without payment of duty Subject to such conditions as the Commissioners may impose, including any condition that security shall be given to their satisfaction, a producer may send wine or made-wine chargeable with duty out from a winery without payment of the duty for any of the following purposes- … (c) removal, subject to the prior approval of the officer- (i) to another winery; (ii) to the premises of a vinegar maker for use in production of vinegar; or (iii) in the case of made-wine only, to premises in respect of which any person is registered in accordance with section 62(2) of [ALDA] as a maker of cider, for use as an ingredient in the making of cider on those premises; … Provided that if any wine or made-wine which has been sent out of a winery under the foregoing provisions of this regulation is applied to some purpose other than one therein mentioned, the time of that occurrence shall be the excise duty point; and the duty shall be paid in accordance with regulation 23(2) … below.”
[26]Mr. Baldry, on behalf of the Interested Parties, submitted that a duty point does not arise for cider and bulk fluid (treated as made-wine) on a sale as part of the trading stock of a business which is sold as a going concern, because the business of cider making continues uninterrupted and the cider (including the cider made by the dilution and treatment of the bulk fluid) is charged to duty as it is sold on (by the purchaser of the business – H7) in the normal course of trade. He submitted specifically that regulation 13(a) of the CPRs did not apply to impose an excise duty point because the business of making cider is not discontinued in a case where it is transferred as a going concern.[27]Ms. Haynes, for HMRC, disputed this, and submitted that the only circumstances where liability for duty can be passed to another maker are those mentioned in proviso (a) to regulation 11 of the CPRs – viz: when cider is sent out to other cider premises in accordance with regulation 12(c)(i) of the CPRs; and see: proviso (a) to regulation 11(1) of the CPRs. She submitted that the scheme of the CPRs demonstrated that cider cannot leave the control of a registered maker without payment of duty, except in these specified circumstances requiring the approval of HMRC[28]Mr. Baldry submitted that Ms. Haynes’s construction of reg. 13 CPRs involved reading in words to the regulation which are not necessary for its operation, nor required by the purpose of the legislation. He contended that neither the CPRs nor their authorising provisions in the ALDA disclose any intention (as contended for by HMRC) that there must be a duty point when the business of the registered maker comes to an end.[29]He argued that the general scheme of the provisions charging duty on cider (or made-wine) was to trigger a charge when cider leaves cider premises or is consumed before doing so (see: regulation 11 of the CPRs). Regulation 13, in his submission, was a provision to deal with circumstances where cider has been made (and is therefore liable to duty – see: section 62(1)(b) of ALDA) but where regulation 11 can never apply – for example, where the cider has disappeared or been destroyed or where there are no longer “cider premises” out of which the cider can be sent or on which it can be consumed.[30]He submitted that this case was one where cider continued to be made at cider premises (albeit by H7 and not by DCCR). If H7 had been tardy in obtaining a registration under the CPRs, that might give rise to a penalty, but did not alter the way the scheme should be interpreted, and did not accelerate the duty point.[31]Ms. Haynes’s case was that the obligation to be registered (under section 62(2) ALDA) or licensed (under section 55(2) ALDA) attaches to the person making cider for sale or producing made-wine for sale, even though the registration or licence is in respect of premises. This tied in with the obligation on the maker to notify the Commissioners of his intention to stop making cider at any of his cider premises (reg. 7(2) of the CPRs), or to notify the Commissioners of the discontinuance of trade in cider at any of his cider premises (reg. 7(3) of the CPRs).[32]She submitted that the scheme of both the CPRs and the WMWRs was therefore that the registration or the licence relates to the actual trader or maker in respect of his business and his premises (and not to the premises only) and what is envisaged is that the maker’s registration or licence is brought to an end at the time at which that trader no longer trades in cider (or made-wine) at those premises. When a new business takes over the same premises a new registration is required (as was eventually obtained in this case by H7).[33]She contended that the intention of the regulations was that all duties must be brought to account when the business of the registered maker comes to an end, or when it is deregistered. Thus, in her submission, the reference in regulation 13(a) of the CPRs to “the business of making cider [being] discontinued at cider premises having cider therein” (and the parallel provision in regulation 13(a) of the WMWRs) relates to the discontinuance of the business of the maker holding the registration.[34]We consider that regulations 11, 12 and 13 of the CPRs must be read as a whole. They form the core of Part IV of the CPRs which is concerned with the determination of duty and the rates thereof.[35]The main charge to duty is imposed by regulation 11, which is expressed to be subject to regulations 12 and 13.[36]The charge imposed by regulation 11 (subject to the exceptions dealt with in the provisos) crystallises at a duty point defined to be the earlier of the time of consumption of cider the cider premises where it lies, and the time it is sent out from those cider premises.[37]The language of regulation 11 focuses attention on the definition of ‘cider premises’, because it is ‘cider in cider premises’ that is charged with duty.[38]The definition of ‘cider premises’ in regulation 4 of the CPRs refers not only to the physical place(s) where cider is made but also to the registered maker who uses the place(s) in his trade as a maker of cider. It is also to be recalled that a maker of cider who is required to be registered is a person who ‘makes cider for sale’ (section 62(2) ALDA) and therefore a person who carries on a trade as a maker of cider.[39]‘Cider premises’ is therefore a concept having both physical and personal aspects.[40]It may be, as Barlow Lyde & Gilbert (on behalf of the Interested Parties) argued in a letter dated 25 June 2008 to Moon Beever (the solicitors of the Appellant) that the concept of cider being ‘sent out’ from cider premises necessarily involves the physical removal of such cider. The force of this argument was recognised by HMRC who, on the advice of Counsel withdrew from the view that the sale of the cider and the bulk fluid to H7 created a duty point under regulation 11 on the grounds that it was ‘sent out’ of cider premises.[41]This reasoning, however, which derives its force more from the meaning of ‘sent out’ than from the meaning of ‘cider premises’ as defined, is not directly applicable to the question raised by the need to interpret the concept of the discontinuance of a business of making cider at cider premises having cider therein in regulation 13(a) of the CPRs.[42]Regulation 12 of the CPRs sets out those cases where a maker may send cider chargeable with duty out from cider premises without payment of the duty. These cases are thus exceptions from the general rule laid down in regulation 11(1)(ii) of the CPRs. It is to be noted that regulation 12 provides for the Commissioners to control, by imposing conditions or giving prior approval, the application of these excepting provisions.[43]Regulation 13 of the CPRs deals, it seems to the Tribunal, with cases not provided for by either regulation 11 or regulation 12. The heading to regulation 13 is “Deficiencies and discontinuance of trade”.[44]The phrase in regulation 13(a) of the CPRs which is critical to the main issue – “where ... the business of making cider is discontinued at cider premises having cider therein” – can be expanded by substitution of the full defined meanings of ‘cider premises’, including the defined meanings of ‘registered’ and ‘maker’ for the words ‘cider premises’ as they appear in the phrase.[45]When this is done the result is the following: “Where ... the business of making cider is discontinued at premises, [etc.] entered by a maker of cider registered with the Commissioners in respect of them (and on which that maker makes cider for sale), and which have cider therein ...”.[46]We consider that in that expanded phrase ‘the business of making cider’ must be equated with the activity constituted by the making of cider for sale by the registered maker. As it is common ground that on 23 July 2007 (the completion date of the Business Sale Agreement) DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) permanently ceased trading, it follows in our view that that event constituted a discontinuance of ‘the business of making cider at [the] cider premises’ for the purposes of regulation 13(a) of the CPRs. There is therefore an excise duty point at the time of the discontinuance. We reach this view in the light of the interlinking in the statutory provisions between the maker, the activity and the premises, together with the apparent scheme of the regulations that a maker cannot dispose of dutiable cider without accounting for the duty except with the approval or consent of HMRC.[47]Parallel reasoning leads us to conclude that there was also an excise duty point at the time of the discontinuance under regulation 13(a) of the WMWRs.[48]In deciding this issue in favour of the Commissioners, we do not consider that we have “rewritten” the language of regulation 13(a) as suggested by Mr. Baldry. We do accept that the construction we favour causes an accelerated charge to duty, and will, overall, increase the amount of duty payable in respect of the liquor in question, but we consider that such is the consequence of the application of the statutory scheme as we have discerned its characteristics. The second issue[49]The second issue arises in relation to the bulk fluid (made-wine) which was made by Gaymer Cider Company and transferred to DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) without triggering a duty point pursuant to regulation 12(c) of the WMWRs.[50]As can be seen from regulation 12 of the WMWRs, set out earlier in this Decision, a producer may send made-wine chargeable with duty out from a winery without payment of the duty, when it is sent for either of the following purposes relevant to this case. The purpose provided by regulation 12(c)(i) is “removal, subject to the prior approval of the officer, to another winery”. The purpose provided by regulation 12(c)(iii) is “removal, subject to the prior approval of the officer, to premises in respect of which any person is registered in accordance with section 62(2) of [ALDA] as a maker of cider, for use as an ingredient in the making of cider on those premises”.[51]The proviso to regulation 11(1)(a) of the WMWRs states that: “where any wine or made-wine is sent out to another winery in accordance with regulation 12(c)(i) below, that other winery shall be treated as being the winery in which the wine or made-wine was produced and the producer licensed in respect of that other winery shall be treated accordingly”.[52]The consequence of this proviso is that, where it applies, the producer licensed in respect of the winery to which wine or made-wine is sent out in accordance with regulation 12(c)(i) WMWRs – not the producer licensed in respect of the winery from which it is sent out – is responsible (as licensed producer) for duty arising on the consumption, sending out, etc. of the wine or made-wine.[53]There is no comparable provision in relation to a sending out of made-wine to which regulation 12(c)(iii) applies – removal, subject to the prior approval of the officer to cider premises for use as an ingredient in the making of cider on those premises.[54]Therefore, if made-wine is sent out to cider premises pursuant to regulation 12(c)(iii) WMWRs and the proviso to regulation 12(c) applies on the made-wine not being used as an ingredient in the production of cider on the cider premises, on its “being applied to some purpose other than” such use, the excise duty point that then arises causes a liability to duty to fall on the licensed producer of the made-wine and not on the registered maker in relation to the cider premises.[55]It is a matter of significance, therefore, in the context of this case, whether the made-wine sent out by Gaymer Cider Company to DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) was sent out under regulation 12(c)(i) WMWRs or under regulation 12(c)(iii) WMWRs.[56]There was some debate on this issue at the hearing and because DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) was both a registered maker of cider and a licensed producer of made-wine, the answer to the question is not entirely clear.[57]The Interested Parties submit that the made-wine was sent out by Gaymer Cider Company under regulation 12(c)(iii) WMWRs, because the made-wine was sent to DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) for use by it as an ingredient in the making of cider.[58]However HMRC produced a letter dated 12 August 2008 sent by Officer Guy Bailey of HMRC Special Civil Investigations (Excise) to Mr. Bramston, the liquidator of DCCR and the Appellant in this appeal, in which it is stated that:
“The officer for Gaymers has advised that the removal was duty suspended under regulation 12(c)(i) WMWR with the approval of HMRC.”
Ms. Haynes submitted that any removal under regulation 12(c) WMWRs must have the prior approval of the officer, and in this case the officer for Gaymers did not consider whether the removal was for a regulation 12(c)(iii) purpose.[59]In these circumstances we conclude that the Interested Parties have not produced evidence to show that the removal of the made-wine from Gaymer Cider Company was a removal within regulation 12(c)(iii), with the prior approval of the officer. Any removal within regulation 12(c) requires the prior approval of the officer. Therefore what the officer for Gaymers actually approved is a necessary fact to be found by the Tribunal in determining the subparagraph of regulation 12(c) under which the removal was made. The evidence we have is that the officer for Gaymers approved a removal under regulation 12(c)(i). In these circumstances we find that the removal was under regulation 12(c)(i). Whether it should have been a removal with prior approval of the officer under regulation 12(c)(iii), as argued by Mr. Baldry, is not in our view a relevant question.[60]It follows that under proviso (a) to regulation 11(1) of the WMWRs, DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company) is to be taken to be the licensed producer of the made-wine.[61]We have already concluded that, under regulation 13(a) of the WMWRs, there was an excise duty point at the time of the discontinuance, when, on 23 July 2007 (the completion date of the Business Sale Agreement) DCCR (then called The Devon Cider Company Limited) permanently ceased trading.[62]This excise duty point therefore gives rise to a liability on DCCR to excise duty on the made-wine. Conclusion[63]For the reasons given above we dismiss the appeal against the assessment. Costs[64]Rule 29 of the VAT Tribunals Rules 1986 (relating to costs) will apply to this appeal in place of rule 10 of the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Tax Chamber) Rules 2009, pursuant to paragraph 7(3) of Schedule 3 to the Transfer of Tribunal Functions and revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009.[65]HMRC have been successful in the appeal, but they are not applying for a costs direction in their favour, and so there will be no such direction made.[66]There may be an issue between the Appellant and the Interested Parties in relation to costs and the Tribunal gives leave to apply for a further direction. However the Tribunal gives an indication that it may be unwilling to make any costs direction in relation specifically to the copying of documents, because of the 1,759 pages of documents produced only some 50 were referred to at the hearing.[67]This document contains full findings of fact and reasons for the decision. Any party dissatisfied with this decision has a right to apply for permission to appeal against it pursuant to Rule 39 of the Tribunal Procedure (First-tier Tribunal) (Tax Chamber) Rules 2009. The application must be received by this Tribunal not later than 56 days after this decision is sent to that party. The parties are referred to “Guidance to accompany a Decision from the First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber)” which accompanies and forms part of this decision notice. JOHN WALTERS QC TRIBUNAL JUDGE RELEASE DATE: 6 May 2010 [1] The print of the CPRs provided to us use the word ‘recovery’ at this point, but we assume that ‘discovery’ is meant. [2] The print of the WMWRs provided to us uses the word ‘cider’ at this point, but we assume that ‘wine or made-wine’ is meant.