“In general, the courts recognise that, where there are crossproceedings, the position is as I have described, and the courts do not order a person in the position of A to provide security for costs of the claim which he is making himself. . . Another application of the same underlying policy is the proposition that, if the defendant advances a counterclaim but the counterclaim is in substance a defence to the original claim, the counter-claimant will not normally be ordered to provide security for the costs of his counterclaim. …”
“The trend of authority makes it plain that, even though a counterclaiming defendant may technically be ordered to give security for the costs of a plaintiff against whom he counterclaims, such an order should not ordinarily be made if all the defendant is doing, in substance, is to defend himself. Such an approach is consistent with the general rule that security may not be ordered against a defendant. So the question may arise, as a question of substance, not formality or pleading: is the defendant simply defending himself, or is he going beyond mere self-defence and launching a cross-claim with an independent vitality of its own?” with an independent vitality of its own?”