“The numbers of people crossing the English Channel in boats have gone up significantly this year. About 44,000 crossed between5 July 2024 and4 July 2025 . Some of those trying to cross the Channel died; 78 in 2024. The Treaty’s purpose is to prevent unauthorised crossings of the Channel.”
“it enables the United Kingdom, if certain conditions are met, to send back a person who has illegally crossed the Channel in a boat, and, in exchange, obliges the United Kingdom to accept into the United Kingdom from France, one other person, who has made an application from France under the Immigration Rules (HC 395 as amended) and has been accepted by Her Majesty’s Government for reciprocal admission into the United Kingdom. Ms Grange accepted that the Treaty binds the two relevant states in international law, but that in England and Wales it has no effect in domestic law except to the extent that its provisions have been incorporated into domestic law. That had not been done.”
“the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”
“1 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. 2 No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.”
“(1) The Secretary of State must issue guidance to such public authorities and other persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate about— (a) the sorts of things which indicate that a person may be a victim of slavery or human trafficking; (b) arrangements for providing assistance and support to persons who there are reasonable grounds to believe are victims of slavery or human trafficking or who are such victims; (c) arrangements for determining whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a person is a victim of slavery or human trafficking ; (d) arrangements for determining whether a person is a victim of slavery or human trafficking. . . . (2) The Secretary of State may, from time to time, revise the guidance issued under subsection (1).”
“(1) The Secretary of State must secure that any necessary assistance and support is available to an identified potential victim (within the meaning given bysection 61 of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 (the "2022 Act")) during the recovery period. (2) For the purposes of this section, assistance and support is "necessary" if the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary for the purpose of assisting the person receiving it in their recovery from any physical, psychological or social harm arising from the conduct which resulted in the positive reasonable grounds decision in question. . . . In this section, a reference to assistance and support is to assistance and support provided in accordance with— (a) arrangements referred to in section 49(1)(b), or (b) regulations made under section 50.”
“An individual, or someone acting on their behalf, may request reconsideration of a negative Reasonable Grounds or Conclusive Grounds decision by the relevant competent authority. A reconsideration request must be made within 30 calendar days of the negative Reasonable Grounds or Conclusive Grounds decision on the following grounds: • Where additional evidence can be provided which, taken with all the available evidence already considered, could demonstrate that the individual is a victim of modern slavery. • There are specific concerns that a decision made is not in line with this guidance.” • Where additional evidence can be provided which, taken with all the available evidence already considered, could demonstrate that the individual is a victim of modern slavery. • There are specific concerns that a decision made is not in line with this guidance.”
“The expert reports are outweighed by the comprehensive findings in the CIN, which confirm that France remains a safe third country with the administrative, practical and legal infrastructure necessary to protect vulnerable individuals, including victims trafficked outside its territory. Your submissions therefore do not rebut the statutory presumption of safety and do not demonstrate that your case is unsuitable for inadmissibility action.”
“If the failure to identify a trafficking victim correctly is a breach of his or her fundamental rights, then another fundamental right is her or her right to have his or her claim properly investigated. In consequence, a failure to consider fairly and properly whether a person has been trafficked must also be a breach of his or her fundamental rights bearing in mind the significance of the rights granted to a person held to be trafficked . . . ”
“[the] special feature of such cases is that, other things being equal, it is likely to be in the public interest to allow a defendant public authority to enforce the law (as it understands it), or exercise powers in what it considers to be a lawful matter. The weight to be accorded to this public interest will vary from context to context, but may be considerable. In many cases, the claimant would need to point to something very compelling to outweigh it. In deciding whether a claimant has done so, the court will consider both the prima facie strength of the claim and the gravity of the consequences that would follow if interim relief were not granted.”