“ i) As a matter of practice, the court will usually embark on a two-stage exercise, (i) computation and (ii) distribution; Charman v Charman[2007] EWCA Civ 503 . ii) The objective of the court is to achieve an outcome which ought to be "as fair as possible in all the circumstances"; per Lord Nicholls at 983H in White v White[2000] 2 FLR 981 . iii) There is no place for discrimination between husband and wife and their respective roles; White v White at 989C. iv) In an evaluation of fairness, the court is required to have regard to the s25 criteria, first consideration being given to any child of the family. v) S25A is a powerful encouragement towards a clean break, as explained by Baroness Hale at [133] of Miller v Miller; McFarlane v McFarlane[2006] 1 FLR 1186 . vi) The three essential principles at play are needs, compensation and sharing; Miller; McFarlane. vii) In practice, compensation is a very rare creature indeed. Since Miller; McFarlane it has only been applied in one first instance reported case at a final hearing of financial remedies, a decision of Moor J in RC v JC[2020] EWHC 466 (although there are one or two examples of its use on variation applications). viii) Where the result suggested by the needs principle is an award greater than the result suggested by the sharing principle, the former shall in principle prevail; Charman v Charman. ix) In the vast majority of cases the enquiry will begin and end with the parties' needs. It is only in those cases where there is a surplus of assets over needs that the sharing principle is engaged. x) Pursuant to the sharing principle, (i) the parties ordinarily are entitled to an equal division of the marital assets and (ii) non-marital assets are ordinarily to be retained by the party to whom they belong absent good reason to the contrary; Scatliffe v Scatliffe[2017] 2 FLR 933 at [25]. In practice, needs will generally be the only justification for a spouse pursuing a claim against non-marital assets. As was famously pointed out by Wilson LJ in K v L[2011] 2 FLR 980 at [22] there was at that time no reported case in which the applicant had secured an award against non-matrimonial assets in excess of her needs. As far as I am aware, that holds true to this day. xi) The evaluation by the court of the demarcation between marital and non-martial assets is not always easy. It must be carried out with the degree of particularity or generality appropriate in each case; Hart v Hart[2018] 1 FLR 1283 . Usually, non-marital wealth has one or more of 3 origins, namely (i) property brought into the marriage by one or other party, (ii) property generated by one or other party after separation (for example by significant earnings) and/or (iii) inheritances or gifts received by one or other party. Difficult questions can arise as to whether and to what extent property which starts out as non-marital acquires a marital character requiring it to be divided under the sharing principle. It will all depend on the circumstances, and the court will look at when the property was acquired, how it has been used, whether it has been mingled with the family finances and what the parties intended. xii) Needs are an elastic concept. They cannot be looked at in isolation. In Charman (supra) at [70] the court said: "The principle of need requires consideration of the financial needs, obligations and responsibilities of the parties (s.25(2)(b); of the standard of living enjoyed by the family before the breakdown of the marriage (s.25(2)(c); of the age of each party (half of s.25(2)(d); and of any physical or mental disability of either of them (s.25(2)(e)". xiii) The Family Justice Council in its Guidance on Financial Needs has stated that: “In an appropriate case, typically a long marriage, and subject to sufficient financial resources being available, courts have taken the view that the lifestyle (i.e. “standard of living”) the couple had together should be reflected, as far as possible, in the sort of level of income and housing each should have as a single person afterwards. So too it is generally accepted that it is not appropriate for the divorce to entail a sudden and dramatic disparity in the parties’ lifestyle.” xiv) In Miller/McFarlane Baroness Hale referred to setting needs “at a level as close as possible to the standard of living which they enjoyed during the marriage”
“...it is now the policy of the matrimonial legislation that on the breakdown of a marriage there should, if possible, be a clean break financially. By inference this indicates that the financial issues should be decided within a reasonably short time of the break-down...after a certain lapse of time a party to a marriage is, in my judgment, entitled to take the view that there will be no revival or initiation of financial claims against him or her. The longer the lapse of time the more secure should he or she feel in the re-arrangement of financial affairs, and the less should any such claim be encouraged or entertained. Whether this notion is based upon some form of estoppel or upon public policy, it matters not. Where a marriage is irretrievably broken down, the parties are to be encouraged to deal with all outstanding issues as reasonably expeditiously and succinctly as possible.”
“While of course no rigid rule can be expressed for the infinite variety of facts that arise in ancillary relief cases, I would have thought, generally speaking, that it would be very difficult for a party to be allowed successfully to prosecute an ancillary relief claim initiated more than 6 years after the date of the petition for divorce, unless there was a very good reason for the delay. I agree whole-heartedly with the statement of Wood J in Chambers, at 13”
“The judge's ultimate exercise of judgment in a case where needs were conceded to be provided for was to discount the wife's share in an equality of division of the assets because of her responsibility for delay. The wife received between 27% and 30% of the overall assets.”